不间断电源（UPS）是一种电力电子技术和储能装置，为主阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池股东周年大会上的组合。 The reliability and availability of these systems in many industrial applications is critical to manage operations or maintain operations during mains power brown outs or black outs.的可靠性和在许多工业应用这些系统的可用性是至关重要的管理操作或维持在主电源或黑褐色出局出局操作。 Understanding the reliability of these systems needs to be done in the context of the effect of different topologies and the applied technologies.了解这些系统的可靠性必须在不同的拓扑结构和应用技术的作用范围内开展。 By taking these two factors into consideration it is possible to improve the reliability and availability of a UPS. ，并考虑到这两个因素有可能提高UPS的可靠性和可用性。 This document focuses on the methods applied to calculate reliability and availability of UPS electronics.本文件侧重于应用，计算的可靠性和可用性的UPS电子的方法。 Some examples are provided to assist with demonstrating the calculation as well as providing a method of comparing different topologies and technologies.一些例子，以帮助证明计算，以及提供一个比较不同的拓扑结构和技术方法。
Industrial UPS technologies 工业UPS技术
Various levels of engineering design are applied for UPS's in industrial applications.工程设计应用于各个层次的UPS在工业应用中的。 The importance attached to the UPS generally comes down to the criticality of maintaining control or operations of specific assets within a network.连接到UPS的重要性普遍归结为维持在一个网络控制或特定资产业务的关键性。 The requirement for improved reliability has seen the introduction of newer techniques and technologies.为提高可靠性的要求已经看到了新技术和技术的引进。 The speed at which these newer designs have been taken up by industry has varied.在这些新的设计行业已经采取了速度各不相同。 For example, it is common to still find UPS systems in electricity infrastructure using mature technologies such as Phase Control SCR and wet cell batteries.例如，它是常见的仍发现在电力基础设施UPS系统使用诸如相位控制SCR和湿电池的成熟技术。 However within the sectors of IT and Telecommunication, the use of hot pluggable switch mode rectifiers (SMR) and VRLA batteries would be considered to be the staple.然而在资讯科技和电讯，在热插拔开关整流器（SMR）的阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的使用和各部门将被视为是主食。
Reliability and Availability of UPS electronics 可靠性和可用性的UPS电子
Both reliability and availability are methods of calculating the probable performance of electronic devices.可靠性和可用性的计算可能的电子设备性能的方法。 Determining the probability is dependant upon whether the devices within a system are in series or parallel.确定的概率，取决于是否在系统的设备串联或并联。 From a reliability theory perspective, if a component fails and causes the failure of the entire system then that component is considered to be in series.从可靠性理论的角度来看，如果一个组件出现故障，导致整个系统故障则该组件被认为是串联。 Conversely, if the component fails and another component takes over the function of the failed component, then the failed component is considered to be in parallel.相反，如果组件失败，另一个组件接管失败的组件的功能，那么失败的组件被认为是平行进行。
What is Electronics Reliability? 什么是电子产品可靠性？
Reliability of an electronics component for a UPS can be general defined as the probability that the device will perform its intended function over a specified period of time, within its specified parameters.凡为UPS的电子元件的可靠性是一般性的概率定义为将执行该设备在一段指定时间内预期的功能在其指定的参数。 The measure for reliability (R) is the probability that a device will still be working one hour from now and is expressed as:在可靠性（R）的措施，是一个设备的概率仍然会从现在的工作一小时，并表示为：
With 'F' denoting the Failure Rate, which is the probability that a device will fail within one hour and is calculated by applying the following formula:随着'氟，意指故障率，这是一个设备的概率会失败，并在一小时内采用下列公式计算：
To calculate the Failure Rate, the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of a device is required.来计算失败（平均无故障时间）的故障率，平均时间的设备是必需的。 The MTBF is characterised as the average time interval between failures before the failure is repaired.在平均无故障的特点是平均无故障间隔时间故障前被修复。 This is measured in number of hours.这是衡量的小时数。
Reliability of DC UPS 直流UPS的可靠性
The reliability of a UPS takes into account the failure rate of its components, and their orientation to each other.一个UPS可靠性考虑到其组成部分的故障率，它们的方向对方。 That is, are they in series or parallel.也就是说，在串联或并联他们。 So, for a UPS comprising of three components, the system reliability is stated as:因此，对于UPS的三个组成部分组成，系统的可靠性是表述为：
Where the system MTBF is:其中系统平均无故障时间是：
To understand how the reliability of a UPS system can be improved, below is a comparison of the reliability of a modular switch mode rectifier system with and without redundancy.要了解如何UPS系统的可靠性得到提高，以下是一个模块化交换机模式和无冗余整流系统的可靠性比较。 In the example it is assumed that three switch-mode rectifier modules operating in series is needed for normal operation.在这个例子中，假定有三个开关式整流器模块系列操作系统的正常运行是必要的。 From a manufacturer's data sheet, the MTBF of the module is quoted as being 400,000 hours.从制造商的数据资料，该模块的MTBF为400,000小时被引述。 Based on this information the equation to determine the reliability of a non-redundant system is:基于这些信息的公式来确定一个非冗余系统的可靠性是：
Where the above mentioned system MTBF is:如果上述系统的MTBF是：
The comparison for the previous system is a topology of N+1, where there are four modules in series and only three are needed for the normal operation of the system.对于以前的系统比较是N +1，其中有四个系列模块，只有三个是为系统的正常运行需要的拓扑结构。 Using probability theory it is possible to calculate the effect of creating a redundant system, as shown below:利用概率论它是可以计算创造一个冗余系统，如下图所示的效果：
Where the system MTBF with redundancy is;凡具有冗余系统MTBF的;
This example demonstrates the addition of a redundant module can significantly increase the reliability of a system, with the cost of significantly increasing reliability requiring very little additional capital outlay.这个例子演示了一个冗余模块的加入能显着增加的显着提高可靠性需要很少的额外资本支出的成本，系统可靠性。
What is Availability? 什么是可用性？
The availability (A) of a device takes into consideration the MTBF of a product, and the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) of the device failure.可用性（一）设备需要考虑的一个产品平均无故障时间，平均时间修复时间（MTTR）的设备故障。 Where the MTTR is the average time frame time it takes to repaired and restore the device to normal operation.凡MTTR是平均时间花费的时间修复，恢复设备正常运行。 This is expressed as:这是表示为：
Determining the MTTR is a matter of understanding the accessibility to spare parts, qualified labour and time to safely remove and repair the device.确定MTTR是一个认识无障碍备件，合格的劳动力和时间，安全地删除和维修设备的问题。 It is here where the use of modular 'hot swappable' components come to the fore.这其中的模块化'热交换'的组件使用脱颖而出。
Availability of DC Auxiliary Systems 直流辅助系统的可用性
The availability of a UPS is similar to reliability taking into account the failure rate of its components, and their orientation to each other. UPS的可用性的一个类似的可靠性考虑到其组成部分的故障率，它们的方向对方。 So, for a UPS comprising of three components, the system availability (A sys ) is stated as:因此，对于UPS的组成部分包括三，系统可用性（一个系统 ）的表述为：
To understand how availability is improved, below is a comparison of the availability of a modular system without redundancy and a Phase Control SCR charger.要了解如何提高可用性，下面是一个没有冗余的模块化系统的可用度和相位控制可控硅充电器比较。 Firstly, it's assumed the modular charger contains three switch-mode rectifier modules in series and the MTTR time is 2-hours.首先，它承担了模块化充电器系列包含三个开关式整流器模块和MTTR的时间为2小时。 From a manufacturer's data sheet, the MTBF of the module is quoted as being 400,000 hours.从制造商的数据资料，该模块的MTBF为400,000小时被引述。 Based on this information the applied equation is:基于这些信息的应用公式为：
Where the above mentioned A sys down time is:如上述提到的系统停机时间是：
= (1 - A sys ) x (365 x 24 x 60) =（1 -甲系统 ）×（365 × 24 × 60）
= 7-minutes, 53-seconds = 7分钟，53秒
For the Phase Control SCR, the MTBF is 175, 200 (20-years) based on a manufacturers data sheet with a mean time to repair of 8-hours.对于相位控制可控硅，平均无故障时间为175，200（20岁）一，平均修复时间为8小时制造商的数据表为基础。 The 8-hour MTTR is predominately due the system being non-modular. 8小时MTTR是由于系统为主是非模块化。 As a result, to restore normal operations of a failed SCR will normally require the replacement of the whole charger.因此，要恢复正常运作的一个失败的可控硅通常需要更换整个充电器。 The maximum permissible time is now dependant upon the autonomy time of the batteries.最大允许时间后，现在的电池后备时间而定。 In this case this is assumed to be 8-hours.在这种情况下它会被视为是8小时。
Where the down time for A sys (Phase Control SCR) is:如果一个系统停机时间（相位控制SCR）是：
= (1 - A sys ) x (365 x 24 x 60) =（1 -甲系统 ）×（365 × 24 × 60）
= 23-minutes, 59-seconds = 23分59秒
However, if there is a single point of failure and when the calculated down time is less than the stated MTTR, then down time can not be less than the MTTR.但是，如果有一个单一故障点，当计算下来时间比规定的MTTR少，然后停机时间不能超过MTTR的少。 This statement is true for SCR chargers, making the actual down time 8-hours.这个说法是正确的可控硅充电器，使得实际停机时间8小时。 The significance of the MTTR on system design also needs to be viewed from a risk perspective.该系统设计的MTTR的意义也需要从风险的角度来看。 For the period of time the Phase Control SCR is down, the batteries will be supplying the Vdc load.对于一段时间的相位控制可控硅下来，电池将提供虚拟数据中心的负载。 So even though the charger will have returned to normal operations by 8-hours, it will take an additional 24-hours at a minimum to bring a string of VRLA batteries back to a 100% state of charge.因此，即使充电器将返回8小时正常运行，还需要至少一个额外的24小时，带来了阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的字符串返回100％的充电状态。 For the modular charger, it is estimated that it would take approximately 6-hours.对于模块化充电器，据估计，它大约需要6小时。
Summary 综述
The use of modular components in the design of a Vac or Vdc UPS can have a significant effect on the reliability and availability, as well the cost to achieve this improved result.对于模块化组成部分在一个Vac或伏UPS设计使用可对可靠性和可用性显着的影响，以及实现这一目标的成本提高的结果。 Additionally modular 'hot pluggable' components provide a significant advantage to operational management through reduced repair times and risk of operations.此外模块化'热插拔'的组件提供通过减少维修时间及经营风险的经营管理的显着优势。 Especially when compared to mature technologies such as Phase Control SCR.尤其是相对成熟，如相可控硅控制技术。
For further information on the methods to improve both the reliability and availability of Vac and Vdc UPS system, contact CenturyYuasa.有关方法的进一步信息，同时提高可靠性和醋酸乙烯酯和VDC UPS系统，联系CenturyYuasa可用性。 |
